Branch Organization

Major Projects

High Energy Solar Radiation

Annihilation Fountain Images

Recent papers and publications

Web Links

Solar Maximum Mission

NRL Principal Investigator/Data Analysis - Dr. G. H. Share share@ssd5.nrl.navy.mil

The Solar Maximum Mission Gamma-Ray Spectrometer was designed and developed as a collaborative effort between the University of New Hampshire, the Max Planck Institute in Garching, Germany, and the Naval Research Laboratory. The Principal Investigator during the development phase and most of the operational phase was Prof. Edward L. Chupp of the University of New Hampshire; the Project Scientist was Dr. David J. Forrest. The instrument was designed to observe solar X-rays and gamma-rays from about 10 keV to 100 MeV and maintained its excellent performance throughout the Mission from 1980 to 1989.

NRL's primary role during the development phase was in preparation of software for production and scientific analysis and instrument calibaration. During the operational phase NRL provided production data analysis which included: automated searches for solar, celestial, and terrestrial transients; microfilm containing environmental data, time histories, and summed spectra; and a full set of mission data at 1 minute resolution. These products are available through the SDAC at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center.

The gamma-ray experiment made significant contributions to solar and celestial astronomy. The Rossi Prize from the High Energy Astronomy Division of the American Astronomical Society was awarded to Dr. Share in recognition of these achievements by the team of scientists from the three institutions.

Related Web Link

The Oriented Scintillation Spectrometer Experiment (OSSE) on board the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (CGRO) has observed numerous solar flares since its launch in April of 1991. To obtain preliminary gamma-ray data for solar flares observed by OSSE and to view recent OSSE solar-flare publications, visit the OSSE/CGRO Solar Flare Web Site.

Following is a listing of all publications with co-authors from NRL.

Recent publications are available in PostScript and PDF formats.

• "Gamma-Ray Measurements of Flare-to-Flare Variations in Ambient Solar Abundances", G.H. Share and R.J. Murphy, Ap. J., 452, 933 (1995).

  You may select to view any of the 6 figures associated with this paper.
  Fig 1 Fig 2 Fig 3 Fig 4 Fig 5 Fig 6

• "Gamma-ray Line Measurements and Ambient Solar Abundances", G.H. Share, R.J. Murphy, and J.G. Skibo, in High Energy Solar Physics, AIP Conference Proceedings 374 , ed. Ramaty, Mandzhavidze, and Hua, p. 162 (1996).

• "Intensity and Directionality of Flare-Accelerated Alpha-Particles at the Sun", G.H. Share & R.J. Murphy, Ap. J. V485, 409 (1997).

• "A Method for Determining the Photospheric ⁴He Abundance", G.H. Share & R.J. Murphy, Ap. J. Letters, V484, L165 (1997).

• "A Search for Hard-Spectrum Gamma-Ray Bursts Using SMM", M.J. Harris & G.H. Share, Ap J, 494, 724 (1998).

• "High-Energy Spectral Evolution in Cosmic Gamma Ray Bursts", G.H. Share and S.M. Matz, in Gamma-Ray Bursts (4th Huntsville Symposium) AIP Proceedings #428, ed Meegan, Preece and Koshut, (AIP, Woodbury NY 1998), p. 354.

• "Accelerated and Ambient He Abundances from Gamma-Ray Line Measurements of Flares" , G. H. Share and R. J. Murphy, Ap. J., 508, 876 (1998).

• "Atmospheric Gamma-Ray Lines Produced by Cosmic Rays and Solar Energetic Particles", G.H. Share and R.J. Murphy, Proc. of 26th Int. Cosmic Ray Conference, Salt Lake City, SH3.6.06 (1999).

• "Gamma-Ray Measurements of Energetic Heavy Ions at the Sun", G.H. Share and R.J. Murphy, Proc. of 26th Int. Cosmic Ray Conference, Salt Lake City, SH3.6.06 (1999).

• "The Solar Maximum Mission Atlas of Gamma-Ray Flares", W.T. Vestrand, G.H. Share, R.J. Murphy, D.J. Forrest, E. Rieger, E.L. Chupp, and G. Kanbach, Ap. J. Supp., 120, 409 (1999).

• "Measurement of Accelerated Particles at the Sun", G.H. Share and R.J. Murphy, in Acceleration and Transport of Energetic Particles Observed in the Heliosphere, eds. R. A. Mewaldt, J. R. Jokipii, M. A. Lee, E Moebius, and T. H. Zurbuchen, AIP Conf. Proc. 528, (2000).

• "Gamma Ray Spectroscopy in the Pre-HESSI Era", G. H. Share and R.J. Murphy, in High Energy Solar Physics: Anticipating HESSI, eds. R.Ramaty and N. Mandzhavidze, ASP Conference Series Vol. 206, 377 (2000).

• "Atmospheric Gamma Rays from Solar Energetic Particles and Cosmic Rays Penetrating the Magnetosphere", G.H. Share and R.J. Murphy, JGR, Vol. 106, No. A1, 77 (2001).

• "Limits on Radiative Capture Gamma-Ray Lines and Implications for Energy Content in Flare-Accelerated Protons", G. H. Share, R.J. Murphy and E. K. Newton, accepted for publication in Solar Physics Reviews (2001).

• "Correlation of Upper-Atmospheric 7Be with Solar Energetic Particle Events", G. W. Phillips, G. H. Share, S. E. King, R. A. August, A. J. Tylka, J. H. Adams Jr., M. I. Panasyuk, R. A. Nymmik, B. M. Kuzhevskij, V. S. Kulikauskas, D. A. Zhuravlev, A. R. Smith, D. L. Hurley, R. J. McDonald, Geophys. Res. Lett. Vol. 28 , No. 5 , p. 939 (2001).

1980 Publications

• "The Gamma Ray Spectrometer for the Solar Maximum Mission", D.J. Forrest, E.L. Chupp, J.M. Ryan, M.L. Cherry, I.U. Gleske, C. Reppin, K. Pinkau, E. Rieger, G. Kanback, R.L. Kinzer, G. Share, W.N. Johnson and J.D. Kurfess, Solar Physics, 65, 15 (1980).

1981 Publications

• "Observations of Gamma-Ray Bursts with the SMM Gamma-Ray Spectrometer", G.H. Share, M.S. Strickman, R.L. Kinzer, E.L. Chupp, D.J. Forrest, J.M. Ryan, E. Rieger, C. Reppin, G. Kanbach, Proceeding of the 17th International Cosmic Ray Conference, 9, p. 35 (1981).

• "Evidence for Impulsive Ion Acceleration During the 0312 UT Flare of 1980 June 7", D.J. Forrest, E.L. Chupp, J.M. Ryan, C. Reppin, E. Rieger, G. Kanbach, K. Pinkau, G. Share, and R. Kinzer, Proceedings of the 17th International Cosmic Ray Conference, 10, p. 5 (1981).

• "Model Calculations on Fast Solar Neutrons and the 2.2 MeV Line Emission from Solar Flares", G. Kanbach, K. Pinkau, C. Reppin, E. Rieger, E.L. Chupp, D.J. Forrest, J.M. Ryan, G.H. Share, and R.L. Kinzer, Proceedings of the 17th International Cosmic Ray Conference, 10, p. 9 (1981).

• "Observations with the SMM Gamma Ray Spectrometer - The Impulsive Solar Flares of 1980 March 29", J.M. Ryan, D.J. Forrest, E.L. Chupp, M.L. Cherry, C. Reppin, E. Rieger, K. Pinkau, G. Kanbach, G.H. Share, R.L. Kinzer, M.S. Strickman, W.N. Johnson, and J.D. Kurfess (NRL), Astrophy. J. Letters, 244, L175 (1981).

• "A Gamma Ray Line Observation at 2.223 MeV on the SMM-Satellite - The Event of 1980 June 7", E.L. Chupp, D.J. Forrest, J.M. Ryan, M.L. Cherry C. Reppin, G. Kanbach, E. Rieger, K. Pinkau, G.H. Share, R.L. Kinzer, M.S. Strickman, W.N. Johnson, and J.D. Kurfess (NRL), Astrophy. J. Letters, 244, L171 (1981).

1982 Publications

• "A Direct Observation of Solar Neutrons Following the 0118 UT flare on 1980 June 21", E.L. Chupp, D.J. Forrest, J.M. Ryan, J. Heslin, C. Reppin, K. Pinkau, G. Kanbach, E. Rieger, and G.H. Share, Ap. J., 263, L95 (1982).

• "Observation of Gamma-Ray Bursts from 10 KeV to 9 MeV" G.H. Share, J.D. Kurfess, S. Dee, E.L. Chupp, J.M. Ryan, D.J. Forrest, J. Lanigan, E. Rieger, G. Kanbach and C. Reppin, in Gamma Ray Transients and Related Astrophysical Phenomena, AIP Conference Proceedings, No. 77, 45 (1982).

• "Frequency of Gamma-Ray Bursts >3 x 10-6 erg/cm2", G.H. Share, K. Wood, J. Meekins and D.J. Yentis, in Gamma Ray Transients and Related Astrophysical Phenomena, AIP Conference Proceedings, No. 77, 35 (1982).

• "Observation of Cosmic Gamma Ray Bursts with the Gamma Ray Experiment on SMM", E. Rieger, C. Reppin, G. Kanbach, D. J. Forrest, E.L. Chupp, and G.H. Share,in "Accreting Neutron Stars", MPE Report 177 (Max Planck Institut), p. 229 (1982).

1983 Publications

• "The Oriented Scintillation Spectrometer Experiment for the Gamma Ray Observatory", J.D. Kurfess, W.N. Johnson, R.L. Kinzer, G.H. Share, M.S. Strickman, M.P. Ulmer, D.D. Clayton, and C.S. Dyer, Adv. Space Res., 3, p. 109 (1983).

• "Spatial Variation for Flares Observed with the Gamma Ray Spectrometer Aboard the SMM Satellite", M.C. Zolcinski, D.J. Forrest, J.M. Ryan, E.L. Chupp, G. Kanbach, C. Reppin, E. Rieger, G.H. Share, Adv. Space Res., 2 (no. 11), p.193 (1983).

• "The Solar Neutron Event on 1982 June 3", E.L. Chupp, D.J. Forrest, G. Kanbach, G.H. Share, H. DeBrunner, E. Flueckiger, the Proceedings of the 18th International Cosmic Ray Conference, SP3-1, (1983).

• "Solar Flares with Photon Emission Above 10 MeV (Measurements with Gamma Ray Experiment on Board the SMM-Satellite)", E. Reiger, C. Reppin, G., Kanbach, D.J. Forrest, E.L. Chupp, and G.H. Share, the Proceedings of the 18th International Cosmic Ray Conference, SP3-4 (1983).

• "The Time History of 2.22 MeV Line Emission in Solar Flares", T.A. Prince, D.J. Forrest, E.L. Chupp, G. Kanbach, and G.H. Share, the Proceedings of the 18th International Cosmic Ray Conference, SP3-3 (1983).

• "Gamma Ray Observational Constraints on the Origin of the Optical Continuum Emission from the White Light Flare of 1980 July 1", with J.M. Ryan, E.L. Chupp, D.J. Forrest, S.M. Matz, E. Rieger, C. Reppin, G. Kanbach, and G.H. Share, Ap. J. (Lett) 272, L61 (1983).

• "Upper Limits on Narrow Annihilation Lines in Gamma-Ray Bursts", P.L. Nolan, G.H. Share, D.J. Forrest, E.L. Chupp, S. Matz, and E. Rieger, in Positron- Electron Pairs in Astrophysics, AIP Conference Proceedings 101, p. 59 (1983).

• "Positron Annihilation Radiation from Solar Flares" G.H. Share, E.L. Chupp, D.J. Forrest, and E. Rieger, in Positron-Electron Pairs in Astrophysics, AIP Conference Proceedings 101, p. 15 (1983).

1984 Publications

• "High-Energy Emission from Gamma-Ray Bursts", P.L. Nolan, G.H. Share, S. Matz, E.L. Chupp, D.J. Forrest, and E. Rieger, In High-Energy Transients in Astrophysics, AIP Conference Proceedings 115, 399 (1984).

• "Are There Nuclear Contributions to Gamma-Ray Burst Spectra?", S.M. Matz, E.L. Chupp, D.J. Forrest, G.H. Share, P.L. Nolan, and E. Rieger, In High-Energy Transients in Astrophysics, AIP Conference Proceedings 115, 399 (1984).

• "Spectral Feature of 31 December 1981 Gamma-Ray Burst Not Confirmed", P.L. Nolan, G.H. Share, E.L. Chupp, D.J. Forrest, and S.M. Matz, Nature, 311, p. 360 (1984).

• "A 154-day Periodicity in the Occurrence of Hard Solar Flares?", E. Rieger, G.H. Share, D.J. Forrest, G. Kanbach, C. Reppin, and E.L. Chupp, Nature, 312, p. 623 (1984).

1985 Publications

• "High-Energy Emission in Gamma-Ray Bursts", S.M. Matz, D.J. Forrest, W.T. Vestrand, E.L. Chupp, and G.H. Share, Ap. J. (Lett) 288, L37 (1985).

• "Detection of Galactic 26 Al Gamma Radiation by the SMM Spectrometer", G.H. Share, R.L. Kinzer, J.D. Kurfess, D.J. Forrest, E.L. Chupp, and E. Rieger, Ap. J. (Lett) 292, L61 (1985).

• "SMM Detection of Interstellar 26 Al Gamma Radiation", G.H. Share, R.L. Kinzer, E.L. Chupp, D.J. Forrest and E. Rieger, Proceedings 19th International Cosmic Ray Conference, 1, 353.

• "Search for Gamma Ray Lines from SS433", B.J. Geldzahler, G.H. Share, R.L. Kinzer, D.J. Forrest, E.L. Chupp, and E. Rieger, Proceedings 19th International Cosmic Ray Conference, 1, 187.

• "Time Extended Production of Neutrons During a Solar Flare", E.L. Chupp, D.J. Forrest, W.T. Vestrand, H. Debrunner, E. Fluckiger, J.F. Cooper, G. Kanbach, C. Reppin, and G.H. Share, Proceedings 19th International Cosmic Ray Conference, 4, 126.

• "Neutral Pion Production in Solar Flares", D.J. Forrest, W.T. Vestrand, E.L. Chupp, E. Rieger, J. Cooper, and G.H. Share, Proceedings 19th International Cosmic Ray Conference,4, 146.

• "Monte Carlo Calibration of the SMM Gamma Ray Spectrometer for High Energy Gamma Rays and Neutrons", J.F. Cooper, C. Reppin, D.J. Forrest, E.L. Chupp, G.H. Share, and R.L. Kinzer, Proceedings 19th International Cosmic Ray Conference, 5, 474.

1986 Publications

• "Rapid Acceleration of Energetic Particles in the 1982 February 8 Solar Flare", S.R. Kane, E.L. Chupp, D.J. Forrest, G.H. Share, E. Rieger, Ap. J. (Letters) 300, L95.

• "Spectral Evolution of Pulse Structures in Gamma-Ray Bursts", J.P. Norris, G.H. Share, D.C. Messina, B.R. Dennis, T.L. Cline, S.M. Matz, and E.L. Chupp, Ap. J. 301, 213.

• "Observations of Galactic Gamma-Radiation with the SMM Spectrometer", G.H. Share, R.L. Kinzer, D.C. Messina, W.R. Purcell, E.L. Chupp, D.J. Forrest, and E. Rieger, Adv. Space Res. 6 (no. 4), 145.

• "SMM Observation of a Cosmic Gamma-Ray Burst from 20 keV to 100 MeV", G.H. Share, S.M. Matz, D.C. Messina, P.L. Nolan, E.L. Chupp, D.J. Forrest, and J.F. Cooper, Adv. Space Res. 6 (no. 4), 15.

• "Measurement of Gamma Ray Line Intensities from the Earth's Atmosphere", J.R. Letaw, G.H. Share, R.L. Kinzer, R. Silberberg, E.L. Chupp, D.J. Forrest, E. Rieger, Adv. Space Res. 6 (no. 4), 133.

• "A Search for Evidence of Energetic Protons Immediately Prior to the Impulsive Phase", G.M. Simnett, G.H. Share, D.C. Messina, E.L. Chupp, D.J. Forrest, and E. Rieger, Adv. Space Res. 6 (no. 6), 105.

• "Spectral Evolution in Gamma-ray Bursts", J.P. Norris, C. Kouveliotou, G.H. Share, D.C. Messina, S.M. Matz, B.R. Dennis, U.D. Desai, T.L. Cline, and E.L. Chupp, Adv. Space Res. 6 (no. 4), 19.

• "Very Energetic Gamma-rays from the 3 June 1982 Solar Flare", D. Forrest, W. Vestrand, E. Chupp, E. Rieger, J. Cooper, and G. Share, Adv. Space Res. 6 (no. 6), 115.

• "Evidence for Solar Flare Directivity from the Gamma-ray Spectrometer Aboard the SMM Satellite", W.T. Vestrand, D.J. Forrest, E.L. Chupp, E. Rieger, and G. Share, Adv. Space Res. 6 (no. 6), .

1987 Publications

• "Solar Neutron Emissivity During the Large Flare on 1982 June 3", E.L. Chupp, H. Debrunner, E. Fluckiger, D.J. Forrest, F. Gollies, G. Kanbach, W.T. Vestrand, J. Cooper, and G.H. Share, Ap. J. 318, 913.

• "The Directivity of High Energy Emission from Solar Flares: II. Solar Maximum Mission Observations", W.T. Vestrand, D.J. Forrest, E.L. Chupp, E. Rieger, and G.H. Share, Ap. J. 322, 1010.

• "SMM Detection of Diffuse Galactic 0.511 MeV Positron Annihilation Radiation", G.H. Share, R.L. Kinzer, D.C. Messina, W.R. Purcell, E.L. Chupp, D.J. Forrest, and C. Reppin, Proc. 20th International Cosmic Ray Conf. OG-1, 156.

• "A Search for Gamma-Ray Lines from Recent Supernovae", S.M. Matz, G.H. Share, R.L. Kinzer, E.L. Chupp, D.J. Forrest, and C. Reppin, Proc. 20th International Cosmic Ray Conf. OG-1, 168.

• "Gamma-Ray Emission from a Solar Flare Observed also as a Ground Level Event, E. Rieger, D.J. Forrest, G. Bazilevskaya, E.L. Chupp, G. Kanbach, C. Reppin, and G.H. Share, Proc. 20th International Cosmic Ray Conf. SH-3, 65.

• "Supernova 1987A in the Large Magellanic Cloud", E.L. Chupp, W.T. Vestrand, A. Gosh, S. Matz, M. Leising, G. Share, IAU Circular 4365.

• "Supernova 1987A in the Large Magellanic Cloud", S.M. Matz, G.H. Share, E.L. Chupp IAU Circular 4419.

• "Supernova 1987A in the Large Magellanic Cloud", S.M. Matz, G.H. Share, M.D. Leising, E.L. Chupp, W.T. VestrandE.L. Chupp IAU Circular 4510.

1988 Publications

• "SMM Detection of Diffuse Galactic 511 keV Annihilation Radiation", G.H. Share, R.L. Kinzer, J.D. Kurfess, D.C. Messina, W.R. Purcell, E.L. Chupp, D.J. Forrest, and C. Reppin, Ap. J. 326, 717.

• "Gamma-Ray Limits on 22Na Production in Novae", M.D. Leising, G.H. Share, E.L. Chupp, and G. Kanbach, Ap. J. 328, 755.

• "Gamma-Ray Line Emission from SN1987A", S.M. Matz, G.H. Share, M.D. Leising, E.L. Chupp, W.T. Vestrand, W.R. Purcell, M.S. Strickman, and C. Reppin, Nature 331, 416.

• "SMM Gamma-Ray Observations of SN 1987A", S.M. Matz, G.H. Share, and E.L. Chupp, in AIP Proceedings 170, 'Nuclear Spectroscopy of Astrophysical Sources', eds. Neil Gehrels and Gerald H. Share, AIP (New York, 1988), p. 51.

• "Observations of Diffuse Galactic Gamma Radiation", G.H. Share, in AIP Proceedings 170, 'Nuclear Spectroscopy of Astrophysical Sources', eds. Neil Gehrels and Gerald H. Share, AIP (New York, 1988), p. 159.

• "Spatial Distribution of Interstellar 26Al Gamma-Rays: Preliminary Results Using SMM", W.R. Purcell, M.P. Ulmer, G.H. Share, R.L. Kinzer, E.L. Chupp, in AIP Proceedings 170, 'Nuclear Spectroscopy of Astrophysical Sources', eds. Neil Gehrels and Gerald H. Share, AIP (New York, 1988), p. 181.

• "Supernova 1987A in the Large Magellanic Cloud", S.M. Matz, G.H. Share, E.L. Chupp IAU Circular 4568.

• "Supernova 1987A in the Large Magellanic Cloud", S.M. Matz, G.H. Share, E.L. Chupp IAU Circular 4618.

• "Supernova 1987A in the Large Magellanic Cloud", S.M. Matz, G.H. Share, E.L. Chupp IAU Circular 4667.

1989 Publications

• "Search for Doppler Shifted Gamma Ray Emission from SS433 using the SMM Spectrometer", B.J. Geldzahler, G.H. Share, R.L. Kinzer, J. Magura, E.L. Chupp, and E. Rieger, Ap. J., 342, (1989).

• "Satellite Observation of Atmospheric Nuclear Gamma Radiation", J.R. Letaw, G.H. Share, R.L. Kinzer, R. Silberberg, E.L. Chupp, D.J. Forrest, and E. Rieger, J.G.R., 94, 1211.

• "Long-Term Variations in the Gamma-Ray Background on SMM", J.D. Kurfess, G.H. Share, R.L. Kinzer, E.L. Chupp, D.J. Forrest, and C. Reppin, AIP Proceedings 186, High Energy Radiation Background in Space, eds. A.C. Rester and J.I. Trombka, 250 (1989).

• "Instrumental and Atmospheric Background Lines Observed by the SMM Gamma-Ray Spectrometer", G.H. Share, R.L. Kinzer, M.S. Strickman, J.R. Letaw, E.L. Chupp, D.J. Forrest, and E. Rieger, AIP Proceedings 186, High Energy Radiation Background in Space, eds. A.C. Rester and J.I. Trombka, 266 (1989).

• "Comparison of Backgrounds in OSO-7 and SMM Spectrometers and Short- Term Activation in SMM", P.P. Dunphy, D.J. Forrest, E.L. Chupp, and G.H. Share, AIP Proceedings 186, High Energy Radiation Background in Space, eds. A.C. Rester and J.I. Trombka, 259 (1989).

• "Geomagnetic Origin for Transient Particle Events from Nuclear Reactor- Powered Satellites", G.H. Share, J.K. Kurfess, K.W. Marlow, and D.C. Messina, Science, 244, 444.

• "Our Radioactive Galaxy", Gerald Share, Aerospace America, vol. 27, no. 7, 48 (1989).

• "Galactic Center Region Continuum Spectrum Between 0.3 and 8.5 MeV Measured by SMM", M.J. Harris, G.H. Share, M.D. Leising, R.L. Kinzer, D.C.Messina, Proceedings of the Gamma Ray Observatory Science Workshop, ed. W. Neil Johnson, 4-290 (1989).

• "SMM Observations of Interstellar 26Al: A Status Report", W.R. Purcell, M.P. Ulmer, G.H. Share, R.L. Kinzer, Proceedings of the Gamma Ray Observatory Science Workshop, ed. W. Neil Johnson, 4-327 (1989).

1990 Publications

• "Observations of Galactic Plane Gamma Radiation", M.J. Harris, G.H. Share, Mark D. Leising, R.L. Kinzer, and D.C. Messina, In Proceedings of XXI International Cosmic Ray Conf., 1, 249 (1990).

• "Solar Maximum Mission Gamma Ray Observations of Supernova 1987A", M.D. Leising and G.H. Share, In Proceedings of XXI International Cosmic Ray Conf., 2, 178 (1990).

• "Nuclear Line Spectroscopy Using SMM/GRS Gamma-Ray Data from Solar Flares", R.J. Murphy, G.H. Share, D.J. Forrest, W.T. Vestrand, In Proceedings of XXI International Cosmic Ray Conf., 5, 48 (1990).

• "The Gamma Ray Light Curves of SN 1987A", M.D. Leising and G.H. Share, Ap. J., 357, 638 (1990).

• "Nuclear Line Spectroscopy of the 27 April 1981 Solar Flare", R.J. Murphy, G.H. Share, J.R. Letaw, D.J. Forrest, Ap. J., 358, 298 (1990).

• "Gamma Ray Lines from Supernova 1987A", M.D. Leising and G.H. Share in Supernovae, ed. S.E. Woosley (AIP: New York) 1990, in press.

• "A Limit on the Production of 56Ni in a Type I Supernova", S.M. Matz and G.H. Share, Ap. J., 362, 235 (1990).

• "Limits on a Variable Source of 511 keV Annihilation Radiation Near the Galactic Center", G.H. Share, M.D. Leising, D.C. Messina, W.R. Purcell, Ap. J. (Letters), 358, L45 (1990).

• "Measurement of the 0.3-8.5 MeV Gamma Ray Spectrum from the Galactic Center Region", M.J. Harris, G.H. Share, M.D. Leising, R.L. Kinzer, D.C. Messina, Ap. J., 362, 135 (1990).

• "Prediction of Charged Particle Transients in Satellites due to Nuclear Reactors in Low Earth Orbit", C.M. Jensen, G.H. Share, J.D. Kurfess, and D.C. Messina, in Proc. of Seventh Symposium on Space Nuclear Power Systems, Vol. 1, ed. M. El-Genk and M.D. Hoover, (Univ. of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque) 1990, p. 175.

1991 Publications

• "Recent Results on Celestial Gamma Radiation from SMM", G.H. Share, in Advances in Space Research, 11, No. 8, 85 (1991).

• "A Search for the 478 keV Line From the Decay of Nucleosynthetic 7Be", M.J. Harris, M.D. Leising, and G.H. Share, Ap.J. 375, 216 (1991).

• "A Search for the 2.223 MeV Neutron Capture &127;-Ray Line from the Directions of Cygnus and the Galactic Center", M.J. Harris and G.H. Share, Ap. J., 381, 439 (1991).

1992 PUBLICATIONS

• "Characteristics of Bursts Observed by the SMM &127;-ray Spectrometer", G.H. Share, D.C. Messina, A. Iadicicco, S.M. Matz, E. Rieger, and D.J. Forrest, in: Gamma-Ray Bursts: Observations, Analyses, and Theories, (eds. C. Ho, R. Epstein, and E. Fenimore), (Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge) 1991, p. 249.

• "V/Vmax Test Applied to SMM Gamma-Ray Bursts", S.M. Matz, J.C. Higdon, G.H. Share, D.C. Messina, and A. Iadicicco, in: Gamma-Ray Bursts: Observations, Analyses, and Theories, (eds. C. Ho, R. Epstein, and E. Fenimore), (Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge) 1991, p. 175.

• "Search for Spectral Lines in Cosmic Gamma-Ray Bursts", Daniel C. Messina and Gerald H. Share, in 'Gamma-Ray Bursts', eds. W. Paciesas and G. Fishman, AIP Proceedings 265, p. 206 (1992).

• "Evidence for Spatial Structure in the Population of Gamma-Ray Bursts Detected by the Gamma-Ray Spectrometer on the Solar Maximum Mission", J.C. Higdon, S.M. Matz, G.H. Share, D.C. Messina, and A. Iadicicco. in 'Gamma- Ray Bursts', eds. W. Paciesas and G. Fishman, AIP Proceedings 265, p. 89 (1992).

• "Upper Limit on the Steady Emission of the 2.223 MeV Neutron Capture &127;- Ray Line from the Sun", M.J. Harris, G.H. Share, J.H. Beall, and R.J. Murphy, Solar Physics 142, 171 (1992).

1993 PUBLICATIONS

• "Search for Gamma-Ray Transients Using the SMM Spectrometer", G.H. Share, M.J. Harris, M.D. Leising, and D.C. Messina, Astron. and Astrophys. Suppl. 97, 341 (1993).

• "SMM Observations of Gamma-Ray Transients. I. A search for Variable Emission at MeV Energies from Five Galactic and Extragalactic Sources", M.J. Harris, G.H. Share, M.D. Leising, and J.E. Grove, Ap. J.,416,601(1993).

1994 PUBLICATIONS

• "Gamma-Ray Limits on Galactic 60Fe and 44Ti Nucleosynthesis", M.D. Leising and G.H. Share, Ap. J.,424, 200 (1994).

• "Celestial Observations Made by the Solar Maximum Mission", G.H.Share, Chapter in SMM History Book (1994).

• "SMM Observations of Gamma-Ray Transients. II. A Search for &127;-Ray Lines Between 400-600 keV from the Crab Nebula", M.J. Harris, G.H. Share, and M.D. Leising, Ap. J. 420, 649 (1994).

• "Search for Variable Line Emission from Galactic and Extragalactic Sources in the 1981-1989 SMM Data", M.J. Harris, G.H. Share, and M.D. Leising, Proceedings of the Second Compton Symposium, AIP Proc. 304, eds. Carl Fichtel, Neil Gehrels, Jay Norris, (New York, APS), p. 250. (1994).

• "SMM Observations of &127;-Ray Transients. III. A Search for a Broadened, Redshifted Positron Annihilation Line From the Direction of the Galactic Center", M.J. Harris, G.H. Share, and M.D. Leising, Ap. J., 433, 87 (1994).

• "Comparing and Combining the Gamma-Ray Bursts from SMM, Signe, and BATSE", V. Petrosian, W. Azzam, K. Hurley, and G. Share, in "Gamma-ray Bursts", AIP Conf. Proc. 307, Eds. G.J. Fishman, J.J. Brainerd, K. Hurley, AIP, NYC, p. 88 (1994).

1995 PUBLICATIONS

• "Limits on Galactic Gamma-Ray Lines at 4.44 MeV and 6.13 MeV from Nuclear De-Excitation", M.J. Harris, G.H. Share, and D.C. Messina, Ap. J., 448, 157 (1995).

• "Gamma-Ray Measurements of Flare-to-Flare Variations in Ambient Solar Abundances", G.H. Share and R.J. Murphy, Ap. J., 452, 933 (1995).

1996 PUBLICATIONS

• "Gamma-ray Line Measurements and Ambient Solar Abundances", G.H. Share, R.J. Murphy, and J.G. Skibo, AIP Proceedings (1996).

• "Intensity and Directionality of Flare-Accelerated Alpha-Particles at the Sun", G.H. Share & R.J. Murphy, Ap. J. V485, 409 (1997)

• "A Method for Determining the Photospheric ⁴He Abundance", G.H. Share & R.J. Murphy, Ap. J. Letters, V484, L165 (1997)

• "High-Energy Spectral Evolution in Cosmic Gamma Ray Bursts", G.H. Share and S.M. Matz, in Gamma-Ray Bursts (4th Huntsville Symposium) AIP Proceedings #428, ed Meegan, Preece and Koshut, (AIP, Woodbury NY 1998), p. 354.

• "A Search for Hard-Spectrum Gamma-Ray Bursts Using SMM", M.J. Harris & G.H. Share, Ap J, 494, 724 (1998).

• "Accelerated and Ambient He Abundances from Gamma-Ray Line Measurements of Flares", G. H. Share and R. J. Murphy, Ap. J., 508, 876 (1998).

• "The Solar Maximum Mission Atlas of Gamma Ray Flares", W.T. Vestrand, G.H. Share, R.J. Murphy, D.J. Forrest, E. Rieger, E.L. Chupp, and G. Kanbach, Ap. J. Supp., 120, 409 (1999).

• "Atmospheric Gamma-Ray Lines Produced by Cosmic Rays and Solar Energetic Particles", G.H. Share and R.J. Murphy, Proc. of 26th Int. Cosmic Ray Conference, Salt Lake City, SH3.6.06 (1999)

• "Gamma-Ray Measurements of Energetic Heavy Ions at the Sun", G.H. Share and R.J. Murphy, Proc. of 26th Int. Cosmic Ray Conference, Salt Lake City, SH1.2.05 (1999).

• "Measurement of Accelerated Particles at the Sun", G.H. Share and R.J. Murphy, in Acceleration and Transport of Energetic Particles Observed in the Heliosphere, eds. R. A. Mewaldt, J. R. Jokipii, M. A. Lee, E Moebius, and T. H. Zurbuchen, AIP Conf. Proc. 528, (2000)

• "Gamma Ray Spectroscopy in the Pre-HESSI Era", G. H. Share and R.J. Murphy, in High Energy Solar Physics: Anticipating HESSI, eds. R.Ramaty and N. Mandzhavidze, ASP Conference Series Vol. 206, 377 (2000)

• "Atmospheric Gamma Rays from Solar Energetic Particles and Cosmic Rays Penetrating the Magnetosphere", G.H. Share and R.J. Murphy, JGR, Vol. 106, No. A1, 77 (2001).

• "Limits on Radiative Capture Gamma-Ray Lines and Implications for Energy Content in Flare-Accelerated Protons", G. H. Share, R.J. Murphy and E. K. Newton, accepted for publication in Solar Physics Reviews (2001).

• "Correlation of Upper-Atmospheric 7Be with Solar Energetic Particle Events", G. W. Phillips, G. H. Share, S. E. King, R. A. August, A. J. Tylka, J. H. Adams Jr., M. I. Panasyuk, R. A. Nymmik, B. M. Kuzhevskij, V. S. Kulikauskas, D. A. Zhuravlev, A. R. Smith, D. L. Hurley, R. J. McDonald, Geophys. Res. Lett. Vol. 28 , No. 5 , p. 939 (2001).

• "Detection of Artificial Sources of Nuclear Radiation in Space", G.H. Share, J.D. Kurfess, K. Marlow, J. Eisele, E.L. Chupp, and I. Strong, NRL Memorandum Report 6466.

• "Monitoring of Sources of Nuclear Radiation in Space- Part 1: Early 1984 Observations", G.H. Share, J.D. Kurfess, and D.C. Messina. NRL Memorandum Report 6467.

• "Monitoring Sources of Nuclear Radiation in Space: 1980 to 1984 Observations", G.H. Share, J.D. Kurfess, and D.C. Messina, NRL Memorandum Report 6468.

• "Monitoring Sources of Nuclear Radiation in Space: 1985 to 1987 Observations", G.H. Share, J.D. Kurfess, and D.C. Messina, NRL Memorandum Report 6469.